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Colombo crime family
The Colombo crime family (pronounced (:koˈlombo)) is the youngest of the "Five Families" that dominates organized crime activities in New York City, United States, within the nationwide criminal organization known as the Mafia (or ''Cosa Nostra'').
The family traces its roots to a bootlegging gang formed by Joseph Profaci in 1928. After the reorganization of the American Mafia in the Castellammarese War, Profaci's gang was recognized as the ''Profaci crime family''. Profaci would rule his family without interruption or challenge until the late 1950s.〔Critchley, David. ''The origins of organized crime in America: the New York City mafia, 1891-1931''. 2009. Routlege Publishing. (p160-164g.) ()〕〔Robbins, Michael W. and Palitz, Wendy. ''Brooklyn: a state of mind''. 2001. Workman Publishing. (page 104) ()〕 The family has been torn by three internal wars. The first war took place during the late 1950s when capo Joe Gallo revolted against Profaci. The first war lost momentum in the early 1960s when Gallo was arrested and Profaci died of cancer. The family was not reunited until the early 1960s under Joseph Colombo. In 1971, the second family war began after Gallo's release from prison and the shooting of Colombo. Colombo supporters led by Carmine Persico won the second war after the exiling of the Gallo crew to the Genovese family in 1975. The family would now enjoy over 15 years of peace under Persico and his string of acting bosses.
In 1991, the third and bloodiest war erupted when acting boss Victor Orena tried to seize power from the imprisoned Carmine Persico. The family split into factions loyal to Orena and Persico and two years of mayhem ensued. It ended in 1993 with 12 family members dead and Orena imprisoned, leaving Persico the winner more or less by default. He was left with a family decimated by war. Although Persico still runs the family today, it has never recovered. In the 2000s, the family was further crippled by multiple convictions in federal racketeering cases and numerous members becoming government witnesses. Most observers believe that the Colombo crime family is the weakest of the Five Families of New York City.
==History==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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